Accidental Intraoperative Mandibular Fracture in a Third Molar Surgery: When Surgical Skills Are Mandatory in the Face of Empiricism.

Iatrogenic mandible fractures are rare complications from third molar removal surgeries. While most documented cases stress risk factors inherent to the patient and tooth presentation in fractures' etiology, appreciation of the risk factors underlying the practitioner's skills is scarce. Here, we describe an intraoperative fracture in a healthy 26-year-old female resulting from an incompatible surgical technique during the right mandibular third molar removal. The patient showed facial swelling, pain, malocclusion, and significant mobility of the fractured segment. The surgical management involved an intraoral open reduction with the installation of titanium plates for the fixation of the bone segments. Thus, we highlight that acknowledging the extent of the operator's surgical skills should be part of comprehensive treatment planning, serving as a valuable measure to prevent iatrogenic mandible fractures besides avoiding a traumatic experience for the patient.

Risk of bleeding in anticoagulated patients undergoing dental extraction treated with topical tranexamic acid compared to collagen-gelatin sponge: Randomized clinical trial.

This two-arm, parallel-group, double-blind, randomized clinical trial design evaluated the risk of postoperative bleeding in anticoagulated patients undergoing dental extraction treated with topical TXA in comparison to collagen-gelatin sponge. Forty patients were randomly included in one of the study groups: (1) topical use of 4.8% TXA solution; and (2) resorbable hydrolyzed collagen-gelatin sponge applied to the surgical alveolus. Primary outcomes were postoperative bleeding episodes and secondary outcomes were thromboembolic events and postoperative INR values. The relative risk (RR), the absolute risk reduction (RAR) and the number needed to treat (NNT) were used as effect estimates and calculated from the counting of bleeding episodes observed during the first postoperative week. The bleeding rate under the TXA treatment was 22.2%, while in the collagen-gelatin sponge group it was 45.7%, resulting in a RR of 0.49 (95% CI 0.24-099; p = 0.046), RAR 23.5% and NNT 4.3. TXA was more effective in reducing bleeding in surgical sites located in the mandible (RR = 0.10; 95% CI 0.01-0.71; p = 0.021) and the posterior region (RR = 0.39; 95% CI 0.18-0.84; p = 0.016). Within the limitations of the study it seems that topical TXA is more effective in controlling bleeding after tooth extractions in anticoagulated patients than collagen-gelatin sponge. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: RBR-83qw93.

Cisto dentígero com transformação ameloblástica / Quiste dentígero con transformación ameloblástica / Dentigerous cyst with ameloblastic transformation

Introdução: O cisto dentígero se origina pela separação do folículo que fica ao redor da coroa de um dente incluso. É o tipo mais comum de cisto odontogênico do desenvolvimento. O seu crescimento é lento, assintomático, e pode atingir grandes dimensões. Objetivo: Relatar um caso clínico cirúrgico de cisto dentígero com transformação ameloblástica, localizado na mandíbula, de paciente, gênero feminino, melanoderma, 14 anos. Caso clínico: Ao exame radiográfico apresentou área radiolúcida unilocular com margem bem definida e esclerótica envolvendo a coroa das unidades 48 e 47. Foi realizada enucleação e curetagem da lesão com exodontia destas unidades sob anestesia local em ambulatório, e aplicada a crioterapia na loja óssea. Encaminhou-se o conteúdo da lesão para exame histopatológico e o diagnóstico de cisto dentígero com transformação ameloblástica foi fechado. Comentários principais: No momento a paciente encontra-se em acompanhamento pós-operatório de 3 anos com neoformação óssea e sem recidivas(AU)

Introducción: El quiste dentígero se origina por la separación del folículo que se queda alrededor de la corona de un diente no erupcionado. Es el tipo más común de quiste odontogénico de desarrollo. Su crecimiento es lento, asintomático y puede alcanzar grandes dimensiones. Objetivo: Reportar un caso quirúrgico de quiste dentígero con transformación ameloblástica. Presentación del caso: Paciente femenina de 14 años, de color de piel negra. La radiografía demostró una radiolucidez unilocular con márgenes bien definidos que envolvían la corona de los dientes 48 y 47. El tratamiento involucró una combinación de enucleación y curetaje de la lesión, exodoncia de los dientes y crioterapia para desvitalizar el hueso circundante. Se realizó el examen histopatológico, luego, se confirmó el diagnóstico de quiste dentígero con transformación ameloblástica. Conclusiones: Al momento de la redacción del reporte la paciente se encontraba en seguimiento posoperatorio de tres años con neoformación ósea y sin recidivas(AU)

Introduction: Dentigerous cysts are caused by the separation of the follicle remaining around the crown of unerupted teeth. They are the most common type of developmental odontogenic cyst. Their growth is slow and asymptomatic, and they may reach large dimensions. Objective: Report a surgical case of dentigerous cyst with ameloblastic transformation. Case presentation: A case is presented of a black female 14-year-old patient. Radiography revealed an area of unilocular radiolucency with well-defined margins enveloping the crowns of teeth 48 and 47. Treatment was a combination of enucleation and curettage of the lesion, exodontia of the teeth and cryotherapy to devitalize the surrounding bone. Eventual histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of dentigerous cyst with ameloblastic transformation. Conclusions: At the time when the report was written, the patient had been followed up for three years after surgery, showing bone neoformation and no recurrence of the lesion(AU)

Fasceíte necrotizante de origem odontogênica na região cérvico-facial: Relato de caso / Odontogenic cervico-facial necrotizing fasciitis. A case report / Fascitis necrosante cervical-facial originada por infección odontogénica. Reporte del caso

Resumo A fasceite necrotizante é caracterizada como um subconjunto das infecções agressivas da pele e tecidos moles que causam necrose da fáscia muscular e dos tecidos subcutâneos. Tem origem polimicrobiana e apresenta extensa necrose que exibe uma formação gasosa no tecido subcutâneo e fáscia superficial. É fundamental um rápido diagnóstico, seguido de intervenção cirúrgica imediata e antibioticoterapia sistêmica para que se consiga sucesso no tratamento. O objetivo desse artigo é relatar um caso de fasceíte necrotizante em região cérvico-facial com origem odontogênica, ressaltando a importância do diagnóstico e tratamento precoce.

Abstract Necrotizing fasciitis is characterized as a subset of aggressive infections of the skin and soft tissues that cause necrosis of the muscular fascia and subcutaneous tissues. It has a polymicrobial origin and presents an extensive necrosis that exhibits gas formation in the subcutaneous tissue and superficial fascia. The management of infected tissues requires rapid diagnosis, immediate surgical intervention accompanied by extensive debridement and systemic antibiotic therapy. The aim of this paper is to relate a case of an odontogenic necrotizing fasciitis of the cervico-facial region emphasizing the importance of early diagnosis and treatment.

Resumen La fascitis necrotizante es una infección rara y de tejidos blandos caracterizada por una infección de rápida propagación del tejido subcutáneo y, en particular, de la fascia. La fascitis necrotizante tiene un origen polimicrobiano y una necrosis extensa que exhibe formación gaseosa en el tejido subcutáneo y la fascia superficial. El manejo de los tejidos infectados requiere un diagnóstico rápido, una intervención quirúrgica inmediata acompañada de un desbridamiento prolongado y una terapia antibiótica sistémica. El objetivo de este trabajo es relatar un caso raro de fascitis necrotizante de la región cervical-fascial, haciendo hincapié en la importancia del diagnóstico y el tratamiento temprano.

Tumor central de células gigantes em paciente pediátrico: exérese, reabordagem e homeopatia / Tumor central de células gigantes en paciente pediátrico: exéresis, reabordaje y homeopatía / Pediatric central giant cell granuloma: exeresis, second-management and homeopathy

RESUMO Introdução: A lesão central de células gigantes é própria dos ossos gnáticos, sendo um tumor benigno não odontogênico. É uma lesão de crescimento predominantemente lento, bem circunscrito e assintomático, geralmente diagnosticada através de algum exame de rotina ou, em casos mais avançados, quando se começa a visualizar alguma alteração estético-anatômica ou através da queixa do paciente de algum desconforto localizado na região. Objetivo: Ilustrar um caso clínico de lesão central de células gigantes e sua resolução envolvendo momento cirúrgico e reabordagem que inclui a homeopatia na proposta terapêutica. Apresentação do caso: Paciente do sexo feminino, inicialmente com 4 anos de idade com uma lesão na região de pré-maxila. Após avaliação radiográfica, tomográfica, exames sanguíneos e biópsia incisional, foi realizada, em primeiro momento, a exérese da lesão sob anestesia geral, por curetagem com aplicação de solução de carnoy. Após proservação e surgimento de imagem radiopaca nos exames, deu-se início ao tratamento não invasivo com homeopatia e injeções de corticoide visando à redução e neoformação óssea em área sugestiva de tecido cicatricial. Conclusões: Abordagens mais conservadoras podem ser, em muitos casos, uma opção plausível que acaba por livrar o paciente de cirurgias mutilantes(AU)

RESUMEN Introducción: La lesión central de células gigantes es propia de los huesos gnáticos, lo que constituye un tumor benigno no odontogénico. Es una lesión de crecimiento predominantemente lento, bien circunscrita y asintomática, generalmente diagnosticada a través de algún examen de rutina o en casos más avanzados cuando se empieza a visualizar alguna alteración estético-anatómica o el paciente que se queja de algún malestar localizado en la región. Objetivo: Presentar un caso clínico de lesión central de células gigantes y su resolución involucrando momento quirúrgico y reabordaje que incluye la homeopatía en la propuesta terapéutica. Presentación del caso: Paciente del sexo femenino, inicialmente con 4 años de edad con una lesión en la región de pre-maxila. Después de la evaluación radiográfica, tomográfica, exámenes sanguíneos y biópsia incisional con el diagnóstico, se realizó en un primer momento la exéresis de la lesión bajo anestesia general, por curetaje con aplicación de solución de carnoy. En los exámenes de acompañamiento, después de la aparición de imagen radiopaca, se inició el tratamiento no invasivo con homeopatía e inyecciones de corticoides para la reducción y neoformación ósea en el área sugestiva de tejido cicatricial. Conclusiones: Los enfoques más conservadores pueden ser, en muchos casos, una opción plausible que termina librando al paciente de cirugías de mutilación(AU)

ABSTRACT Introduction: Giant cell central lesion is characteristic of the gnathic bones, being a non-odontogenic benign tumor. Classified as a predominantly slow grotwh, well-circumscribed and asymptomatic lesion usually diagnosed through routine examination or in some and more advanced cases once it begins to create some aesthetic-anatomical alteration or when the patient starts complaining of some located discomfort in the region. Objective: To present a clinical case of central giant cell lesion and its resolution involving surgical approach and second management, which includes homeopathy as a therapeutic proposal. Case presentation: central giant cell lesion located in the premaxilla region in a 4 years old female patient. After radiographic, tomographic and blood exams evaluation, followed by incisional biopsy and diagnostic, leading to surgical approach to remove the entire lesion by curettage with Carnoy's solution application under general anesthesia. After appearance of radiopaque imaging in the proservation examinations, the non-invasive treatment by corticoid injection and homeopathy got started aiming the reduction of cicatricial tissue's suggestive area and neoformation of the bone. Conclusions : approaches that are more conservative can be, in many cases, a plausible option that ends up ridding the patient of mutilating surgeries(AU)

Comparison of Articaine and Lidocaine for Buccal Infiltration After Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block For Intraoperative Pain Control During Impacted Mandibular Third Molar Surgery.

In order to compare the efficacy of lidocaine and articaine for pain control during third molar surgery, 160 patients presenting bilateral asymptomatic impacted mandibular third molars were selected. They received 1.8 mL of 2% lidocaine with epinephrine 1:100,000 during inferior alveolar nerve block. In group 1 (n = 80), an infiltrative injection of 0.9 mL of 2% lidocaine with epinephrine 1:100,000 was performed in buccal-distal mucosa of the third molar. Group 2 (n = 80) received 0.9 mL of 4% articaine with epinephrine 1:100,000 in the contralateral side. All procedures were performed at the same visit, by a single operator, in a double-blind and parallel design. The duration of each surgery and the moment when the patient expressed pain were noted. Data were analyzed by nonpaired t test and chi-square test (alpha = 5%). Duration of surgery did not differ (p = .83) between Groups 1 (19.8 ± 2.3 minutes) and 2 (19.7 ± 3.0 minutes). Pain was expressed more in group 1 (26.3%) than in group 2 (10%) (odds ratio = 3.2, p = .0138). In both groups, tooth sectioning was the most painful event (p < .0001). No influence of gender (p = .85) or age (p = .96) was observed in pain response. Buccal infiltration of 4% articaine with epinephrine 1:100,000 showed more efficacy than 2% lidocaine with epinephrine 1:100,000 when used in combination with inferior alveolar nerve block in controlling intraoperative pain related to impacted mandibular third molar surgery.

The Effect of 2 Injection Speeds on Local Anesthetic Discomfort During Inferior Alveolar Nerve Blocks.

This randomized double-blind crossover trial investigated the discomfort associated with 2 injection speeds, low (60 seconds) and slow (100 seconds), during inferior alveolar nerve block by using 1.8 mL of 2% lidocaine with 1 : 100,000 epinephrine. Three phases were considered: (a) mucosa perforation, (b) needle insertion, and (c) solution injection. Thirty-two healthy adult volunteers needing bilateral inferior alveolar nerve blocks at least 1 week apart were enrolled in the present study. The anesthetic procedure discomfort was recorded by volunteers on a 10-cm visual analog scale in each phase for both injection speeds. Comparison between the 2 anesthesia speeds in each phase was performed by paired t test. Results showed no statistically significant difference between injection speeds regarding perforation (P = .1016), needle placement (P = .0584), or speed injection (P = .1806). The discomfort in all phases was considered low. We concluded that the 2 injection speeds tested did not affect the volunteers' pain perception during inferior alveolar nerve blocks.

Effect of Erythrinamu lungu on anxiety during extraction of third molars.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of Erythrinamu lungu on the control of dental anxiety in patients who had under gone bilateral extraction of asymptomatic, impacted mandibular third molars. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In a randomized, double-blind, crossover study, 30 healthy volunteers (5 men and 25 women, over 18 years of age), received either 500mg of E.mulungu (MulunguMatusa®) or 500 mg of placebo, p.o., one hour before surgical procedure. The level ofanxiety was assessed through questionnaire sand physical parameters, such as blood pressure, heart rate andoxygen saturation. Data were analyzed by Chi-square test, ANOVA (Tukey test) and Friedman with significance level of 5%. RESULTS: A higher preference (Chi-square, p = 0.0062) for E. mulungu was observed for both genders. Volunteers with higher anxiety levels tended to to prefer E. mulungu. No statistically significant differences were verified in blood pressure (one-way ANOVA, p = 0.1259), heart rate (Friedman, p> 0.05) and oxygen saturation (Friedman, p = 0.7664) among periods and types of treatments. CONCLUSIONS: E. mulungu showed an anxiolytic effect without significant changes in physiological parameters. It could be considered as an alternative to control the anxiety in adult patients undergoing mandibular thirdmolars surgery.